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Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2023
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from              to            
Commission file number 1-4221
hpunifiedlogocolorlarge.jpg
HELMERICH & PAYNE, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware73-0679879
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1437 South Boulder Avenue, Suite 1400, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74119
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(918) 742-5531
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year,
if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock ($0.10 par value)HPNew York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non‑accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting company
Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐  No ☒

CLASS
OUTSTANDING AT January 22, 2024
Common Stock, $0.10 par value98,826,568



Table of Contents

HELMERICH & PAYNE, INC.
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INDEX TO FORM 10‑Q

hpunifiedlogocolorlarge.jpg Q1FY24 FORM 10-Q | 2

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
HELMERICH & PAYNE, INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31,September 30,
(in thousands except share data)20232023
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$214,104 $257,174 
Restricted cash65,137 59,064 
Short-term investments84,121 93,600 
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $3,948 and $2,688, respectively
435,819 404,188 
Inventories of materials and supplies, net101,419 94,227 
Prepaid expenses and other, net88,080 97,727 
Assets held-for-sale— 645 
Total current assets988,680 1,006,625 
Investments263,443 264,947 
Property, plant and equipment, net2,970,371 2,921,695 
Other Noncurrent Assets:
Goodwill45,653 45,653 
Intangible assets, net58,968 60,575 
Operating lease right-of-use assets62,254 50,400 
Other assets, net31,959 32,061 
Total other noncurrent assets198,834 188,689 
Total assets$4,421,328 $4,381,956 
LIABILITIES & SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable$157,302 $130,852 
Dividends payable41,993 25,194 
Accrued liabilities269,691 262,885 
Total current liabilities468,986 418,931 
Noncurrent Liabilities:
Long-term debt, net545,292 545,144 
Deferred income taxes510,015 517,809 
Other137,389 128,129 
Total noncurrent liabilities1,192,696 1,191,082 
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 12)
Shareholders' Equity:
Common stock, $0.10 par value, 160,000,000 shares authorized, 112,222,865 shares issued as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, and 98,623,747 and 99,426,526 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively
11,222 11,222 
Preferred stock, no par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued
— — 
Additional paid-in capital506,672 525,369 
Retained earnings2,743,794 2,707,715 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(7,847)(7,981)
Treasury stock, at cost, 13,599,118 shares and 12,796,339 shares as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively
(494,195)(464,382)
Total shareholders’ equity2,759,646 2,771,943 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$4,421,328 $4,381,956 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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HELMERICH & PAYNE, INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Three Months Ended
December 31,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)20232022
OPERATING REVENUES
Drilling services$674,565 $717,170 
Other2,582 2,467 
677,147 719,637 
OPERATING COSTS AND EXPENSES
Drilling services operating expenses, excluding depreciation and amortization403,303 428,251 
Other operating expenses1,137 1,126 
Depreciation and amortization93,991 96,655 
Research and development8,608 6,933 
Selling, general and administrative56,577 48,455 
Asset impairment charges— 12,097 
Gain on reimbursement of drilling equipment(7,494)(15,724)
Other gain on sale of assets(2,443)(2,379)
553,679 575,414 
OPERATING INCOME 123,468 144,223 
Other income (expense)
Interest and dividend income10,734 4,705 
Interest expense(4,372)(4,355)
Loss on investment securities(4,034)(15,091)
Other(543)58 
1,785 (14,683)
Income before income taxes 125,253 129,540 
Income tax expense30,080 32,395 
NET INCOME$95,173 $97,145 
Basic earnings per common share$0.95 $0.92 
Diluted earnings per common share:$0.94 $0.91 
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic99,143 105,248 
Diluted99,628 106,104 
    
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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HELMERICH & PAYNE, INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Three Months Ended
December 31,
(in thousands)20232022
Net income$95,173 $97,145 
Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes:
Net change related to employee benefit plans, net of income taxes of $(39.5) thousand and $(75.1) thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively
134 256 
Other comprehensive income134 256 
Comprehensive income$95,307 $97,401 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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HELMERICH & PAYNE, INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Three Months Ended December 31, 2023
Common StockAdditional
 Paid-In
 Capital
Retained EarningsAccumulated
 Other
 Comprehensive
 Income (Loss)
Treasury Stock
(in thousands, except per share amounts)SharesAmountSharesAmountTotal
Balance at September 30, 2023
112,222 $11,222 $525,369 $2,707,715 $(7,981)12,796 $(464,382)$2,771,943 
Comprehensive income:
Net income— — — 95,173 — — — 95,173 
Other comprehensive income— — — — 134 — — 134 
Dividends declared ($0.25 base per share, $0.34 supplemental per share)
— — — (59,094)— — — (59,094)
Vesting of restricted stock awards, net of shares withheld for employee taxes— — (26,661)— — (495)17,841 (8,820)
Stock-based compensation— — 7,672 — — — — 7,672 
Share repurchases— — — — — 1,298 (47,654)(47,654)
Other— — 292 — — — — 292 
Balance at December 31, 2023112,222 $11,222 $506,672 $2,743,794 $(7,847) 13,599 $(494,195)$2,759,646 
Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
Common StockAdditional
 Paid-In
 Capital
Retained EarningsAccumulated
 Other
 Comprehensive
 Income (Loss)
Treasury Stock
(in thousands, except per share amounts)SharesAmountSharesAmountTotal
Balance at September 30, 2022
112,222 $11,222 $528,278 $2,473,572 $(12,072)6,929 $(235,528)$2,765,472 
Comprehensive income:
Net income— — — 97,145 — — — 97,145 
Other comprehensive income— — — — 256 — — 256 
Dividends declared ($0.25 base per share, $0.47 supplemental per share)
— — — (76,611)— — — (76,611)
Vesting of restricted stock awards, net of shares withheld for employee taxes— — (22,776)— — (449)13,293 (9,483)
Stock-based compensation— — 8,273 — — — — 8,273 
Share repurchases— — — — — 844 (39,060)(39,060)
Other— — (847)— — — — (847)
Balance at December 31, 2022112,222 $11,222 $512,928 $2,494,106 $(11,816) 7,324 $(261,295)$2,745,145 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HELMERICH & PAYNE, INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Three Months Ended December 31,
(in thousands)20232022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income $95,173 $97,145 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization93,991 96,655 
Asset impairment charges— 12,097 
Provision for credit loss1,309 3,358 
Stock-based compensation7,672 8,273 
Loss on investment securities4,034 15,091 
Gain on reimbursement of drilling equipment(7,494)(15,724)
Other gain on sale of assets(2,443)(2,379)
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)(7,829)188 
Other(856)7,274 
Change in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable(28,931)(57,896)
Inventories of materials and supplies(7,191)(3,007)
Prepaid expenses and other(8,404)(8,676)
Other noncurrent assets(1,150)(1,746)
Accounts payable23,865 10,450 
Accrued liabilities19,022 20,759 
Deferred income tax liability(4)(711)
Other noncurrent liabilities(5,966)4,224 
Net cash provided by operating activities174,798 185,375 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Capital expenditures(136,411)(96,027)
Purchase of short-term investments(46,250)(41,641)
Purchase of long-term investments(291)(16,237)
Proceeds from sale of short-term investments57,956 40,758 
Proceeds from asset sales11,929 30,978 
Net cash used in investing activities(113,067)(82,169)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Dividends paid(42,294)(51,764)
Payments for employee taxes on net settlement of equity awards(8,820)(9,483)
Payment of contingent consideration from acquisition of business(250)(250)
Share repurchases(47,364)(39,060)
Net cash used in financing activities(98,728)(100,557)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash(36,997)2,649 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period316,238 269,009 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$279,241 $271,658 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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HELMERICH & PAYNE, INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)
Three Months Ended December 31,
(in thousands)20232022
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid/(received) during the period:
Interest paid$927 $915 
Income tax paid5,960 3,741 
Income tax received— (25,617)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Payments for operating leases3,262 2,474 
Non-cash operating and investing activities:
Change in accounts payable and accrued liabilities related to purchases of property, plant and equipment(7,611)(650)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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HELMERICH & PAYNE, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 NATURE OF OPERATIONS
Helmerich & Payne, Inc. (“H&P,” which, together with its subsidiaries, is identified as the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our,” except where stated or the context requires otherwise) through its operating subsidiaries provides performance-driven drilling solutions and technologies that are intended to make hydrocarbon recovery safer and more economical for oil and gas exploration and production companies.
Our drilling services operations are organized into the following reportable operating business segments: North America Solutions, Offshore Gulf of Mexico and International Solutions. Our real estate operations, our incubator program for new research and development projects and our wholly-owned captive insurance companies are included in "Other." Refer to Note 13—Business Segments and Geographic Information for further details on our reportable segments.
Our North America Solutions operations are primarily located in Texas, but also traditionally operate in other states, depending on demand. Such states include: Colorado, Louisiana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Additionally, Offshore Gulf of Mexico operations are conducted in Louisiana and in U.S. federal waters in the Gulf of Mexico and our International Solutions operations have rigs and/or services primarily located in five international locations: Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Colombia, and the United Arab Emirates.
We also own and operate a limited number of commercial real estate properties located in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Our real estate investments include a shopping center and undeveloped real estate.
NOTE 2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES, RELATED RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES
Interim Financial Information
The accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) pertaining to interim financial information. Accordingly, these interim financial statements do not include all information or footnote disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements and, therefore, should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K and other current filings with the SEC. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of those of a normal recurring nature, necessary to present fairly the results of the periods presented have been included. The results of operations for the interim periods presented may not necessarily be indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
Income from discontinued operations was presented as a separate line item on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations during the three months ended December 31, 2022. To conform with the current fiscal year presentation, we reclassified amounts previously presented in Income from discontinued operations, which were not material, to Other within Other income (expense) on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended December 31, 2022.
Principles of Consolidation
The Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of H&P and its domestic and foreign subsidiaries. Consolidation of a subsidiary begins when the Company gains control over the subsidiary and ceases when the Company loses control of the subsidiary. Specifically, income, expenses and other comprehensive income or loss of a subsidiary acquired or disposed of during the fiscal year are included in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income from the date the Company gains control until the date when the Company ceases to control the subsidiary. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, demand deposits with banks and all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments are subject to potential credit risk, and certain of our cash accounts carry balances greater than the federally insured limits.
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We recorded restricted cash of $65.1 million and $42.5 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $59.1 million and $36.9 million at September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. All restricted cash at December 31, 2023 represents an amount management has elected to restrict for the purpose of potential insurance claims in our wholly-owned captive insurance companies. Of the total at September 30, 2023, $0.7 million is related to the acquisition of drilling technology companies, and $58.4 million represents an amount management has elected to restrict for the purpose of potential insurance claims in our wholly-owned captive insurance companies. The restricted amounts are primarily invested in short-term money market securities.
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash are reflected on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:
December 31,September 30,
(in thousands)20232022    20232022
Cash and cash equivalents$214,104 $229,186 $257,174 $232,131 
Restricted cash65,137 42,472 59,064 36,246 
Restricted cash - long-term:
Other assets, net— — — 632 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$279,241 $271,658 $316,238 $269,009 
Related Party Transactions
In October 2022, we made a $14.1 million equity investment, representing 106.0 million common shares in Tamboran Resources Limited ("Tamboran Resources"). In December 2023, all shares of Tamboran Resources were transferred to Tamboran Resources Corporation ("Tamboran Corp.") in exchange for depository interests in Tamboran Corp. Tamboran Corp. is publicly traded on the Australian Securities Exchange under the ticker "TBN" and is focused on developing a natural gas resource in Australia's Beetaloo Sub-basin. One of our executive officers serves as a director of Tamboran Corp. pursuant to nomination rights in the investment agreement. Refer to Note 11—Fair Value Measurement of Financial Instruments for additional information related to our investment.
Concurrent with the investment agreement, we entered into a fixed-term drilling services agreement with Tamboran Resources. As of December 31, 2023, we recorded $2.8 million in receivables, $8.0 million in other assets and $5.8 million in contract liabilities on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of September 30, 2023, we recorded $2.8 million in receivables, $8.0 million in other assets and $6.6 million in contract liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We recorded $4.3 million in revenue on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations during the three months ended December 31, 2023 related to the drilling services agreement with Tamboran Resources, which commenced drilling services during the fourth fiscal quarter of 2023. We expect to earn $32.2 million in revenue over the remainder of term of the contract, and, as such, this amount is included within our contract backlog as of December 31, 2023.
Recently Issued Accounting Updates
Changes to U.S. GAAP are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in the form of Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs") to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC"). We consider the applicability and impact of all ASUs. ASUs not listed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable, clarifications of ASUs listed below, immaterial, or already adopted by the Company.
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The following table provides a brief description of recent accounting pronouncements and our analysis of the effects on our financial statements:

StandardDescriptionDate of
Adoption
Effect on the Financial 
Statements or Other Significant Matters
Standards that are not yet adopted as of December 31, 2023
ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.
This ASU improves reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendments in this update enhance annual and interim disclosure requirements, determine significant segment expense, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, provide new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment, and contain other disclosure requirements. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted. Upon adoption, the amendments shall be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements.
October 1, 2024We plan to adopt this ASU, as required, during fiscal year 2025. We are currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on our Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures.
ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax DisclosuresThis ASU enhances income tax disclosure requirements. Under the ASU, public business entities must annually (1) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and (2) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold (if the effect of those reconciling items is equal to or greater than 5 percent of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income or loss by the applicable statutory income tax rate). Specific categories that must be included in the reconciliation for each annual reporting period are specified in the amendment. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted. Upon adoption, the amendments shall be applied on a prospective basis. Retrospective application is permitted. October 1, 2025We plan to adopt this ASU, as required, during fiscal year 2026. We are currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on our Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures.
Self-Insurance
We continue to use our captive insurance companies to insure the deductibles for our domestic workers’ compensation, general liability, automobile liability claims programs, and medical stop-loss program and to insure the deductibles from the Company's international casualty and property programs. Our operating subsidiaries are paying premiums to the Captives, typically on a monthly basis, for the estimated losses based on an external actuarial analysis. These premiums are currently held in a restricted cash account, resulting in a transfer of risk from our operating subsidiaries to the Captives. Direct operating costs primarily consisted of adjustments to accruals for estimated losses of $3.5 million and $2.9 million and rig and casualty insurance premiums of $9.1 million and $10.0 million during the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These operating costs were recorded within Drilling services operating expenses in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. Intercompany premium revenues recorded by the Captives during the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 amounted to $15.2 million and $16.4 million, respectively, which were eliminated upon consolidation. These intercompany insurance premiums are reflected as segment operating expenses within the North America Solutions, Offshore Gulf of Mexico, and International Solutions reportable operating segments and are reflected as intersegment sales within "Other." Our medical stop loss operating expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $4.1 million and $2.8 million, respectively.
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International Solutions Drilling Risks
International Solutions drilling operations may significantly contribute to our revenues and net operating income. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully conduct such operations, and a failure to do so may have an adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. Also, the success of our International Solutions operations will be subject to numerous contingencies, some of which are beyond management’s control. These contingencies include general and regional economic conditions, geopolitical developments and tensions, war and uncertainty in oil-producing countries, fluctuations in currency exchange rates, modified exchange controls, changes in international regulatory requirements and international employment issues, risk of expropriation of real and personal property and the burden of complying with foreign laws. Additionally, in the event that extended labor strikes occur or a country experiences significant political, economic or social instability, we could experience shortages in labor and/or material and supplies necessary to operate some of our drilling rigs, thereby potentially causing an adverse material effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We have also experienced certain risks specific to our Argentine operations. In Argentina, while our dayrate is denominated in U.S. dollars, we are paid the equivalent in Argentine pesos. The Central Bank of Argentina maintains certain currency controls that limit our ability to access U.S. dollars and remit funds from our Argentine operations. In the past, the Argentine government has also instituted price controls on crude oil, diesel and gasoline prices and instituted an exchange rate freeze in connection with those prices. These price controls and an exchange rate freeze could be instituted again in the future. Further, there are additional concerns regarding Argentina's debt burden, notwithstanding Argentina's restructuring deal with international bondholders in August 2020, as Argentina attempts to manage its substantial sovereign debt issues. These concerns could further negatively impact Argentina's economy and adversely affect our Argentine operations. Argentina’s economy is considered highly inflationary, which is defined as cumulative inflation rates exceeding 100 percent in the most recent three-year period based on inflation data published by the respective governments.
All of our foreign subsidiaries use the U.S. dollar as the functional currency and local currency monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured into U.S. dollars with gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions included in current results of operations.
We recorded aggregate foreign currency losses of $1.8 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The aggregate foreign currency loss for the three months ended December 31, 2023 was primarily due to Argentina's devaluation of its peso relative to the U.S. dollar by approximately 55 percent during the quarter. In the future, we may incur larger currency devaluations, foreign exchange restrictions or other difficulties repatriating U.S. dollars from Argentina or elsewhere, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. As of December 31, 2023, our cash balance in Argentina was the U.S. dollar equivalent of $6.9 million in Argentine Pesos.
Because of the impact of local laws, our future operations in certain areas may be conducted through entities in which local citizens own interests and through entities (including joint ventures) in which we hold only a minority interest or pursuant to arrangements under which we conduct operations under contract to local entities. While we believe that neither operating through such entities nor pursuant to such arrangements would have a material adverse effect on our operations or revenues, there can be no assurance that we will in all cases be able to structure or restructure our operations to conform to local law (or the administration thereof) on terms acceptable to us.
Although we attempt to minimize the potential impact of such risks by operating in more than one geographical area, during the three months ended December 31, 2023, approximately 8.2 percent of our operating revenues were generated from international locations compared to 7.7 percent during the three months ended December 31, 2022. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, approximately 78.5 percent of operating revenues from international locations were from operations in South America compared to 90.5 percent during the three months ended December 31, 2022. Substantially all of the South American operating revenues were from Argentina and Colombia. The future occurrence of one or more international events arising from the types of risks described above could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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NOTE 3 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
    
Property, plant and equipment as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 consisted of the following:
(in thousands)Estimated Useful LivesDecember 31, 2023September 30, 2023
Drilling services equipment
4 - 15 years
$6,463,137 $6,396,612 
Tubulars
4 years
583,989 564,032 
Real estate properties
10 - 45 years
48,033 47,313 
Other
2 - 23 years
450,114 443,366 
Construction in progress1
124,994 97,374 
7,670,267 7,548,697 
Accumulated depreciation(4,699,896)(4,627,002)
Property, plant and equipment, net$2,970,371 $2,921,695 
Assets held-for-sale$— $645 
(1)Included in construction in progress are costs for projects in progress to upgrade or refurbish certain rigs in our existing fleet. Additionally, we include other advances for capital maintenance purchase-orders that are open/in process. As these various projects are completed, the costs are then classified to their appropriate useful life category.
Depreciation
Depreciation expense during the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $92.4 million and $94.9 million, including abandonments of $0.5 million and $1.2 million, respectively. These expenses are recorded within Depreciation and amortization on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
In November 2022, a fire at a wellsite caused substantial damage to one of our super-spec rigs within our North America Solutions segment. The major components were destroyed beyond repair and considered a total loss, and, as a result, these assets were written off and the rig was removed from our available rig count. At the time of the loss, the rig was fully insured under replacement cost insurance. The insurance recovery is expected to exceed the net book value of the components written off. The loss of $9.2 million is recorded as abandonment expense within Depreciation and amortization in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and was offset by an insurance recovery that was also recognized within Depreciation and amortization for the same amount as the loss. Future proceeds in excess of the recognized loss will be recognized once all contingencies related to the insurance claim have been resolved.
Impairment Charges
Fiscal Year 2024 Activity
We did not record any impairment charges during the three months ended December 31, 2023.
Fiscal Year 2023 Activity
During the three months ended December 31, 2022, the Company initiated a plan to decommission and scrap four international FlexRig® drilling rigs and four conventional drilling rigs located in Argentina that are not suitable for unconventional drilling. As a result, these rigs were reclassified to Assets held-for-sale on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022. The rigs’ aggregate net book value of $8.8 million was written down to the estimated scrap value of $0.7 million, which resulted in a non-cash impairment charge of $8.1 million within our International Solutions segment and recorded in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations during the three months ended December 31, 2022.
During the three months ended December 31, 2022, our North America Solutions assets that were previously classified as Assets Held-for-Sale at September 30, 2022 were either sold or written down to scrap value. The aggregate net book value of these remaining assets was $3.0 million, which exceeded the estimated scrap value of $0.3 million, resulting in a non-cash impairment charge of $2.7 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022. During the three months ended December 31, 2022, we also identified additional equipment that met the asset held-for-sale criteria and was reclassified as Assets Held-for-Sale on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The aggregate net book value of the equipment of $1.4 million was written down to its estimated scrap value of $0.1 million, resulting in a non-cash impairment charge of $1.3 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022. These impairment charges are recorded within our North America Solutions segment in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidation Statement of Operations.
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Gain on Reimbursement of Drilling Equipment
We recognized gains of $7.5 million and $15.7 million during the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to customer reimbursement for the current replacement value of lost or damaged drill pipe. Gains related to these asset sales are recorded in Gains on reimbursement of drilling equipment within our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
NOTE 4 GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, at the date of acquisition. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for potential impairment at the reporting unit level, at a minimum on an annual basis in the fourth fiscal quarter, or when indications of potential impairment exist. All of our goodwill is within our North America Solutions reportable segment.
During the three months ended December 31, 2023, we had no additions or impairments to goodwill. As of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, the goodwill balance was $45.7 million.
Intangible Assets
Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over the period in which these assets contribute to our cash flows and are evaluated for impairment in accordance with our policies for valuation of long-lived assets. All of our intangible assets are within our North America Solutions reportable segment and consist of the following:
December 31, 2023September 30, 2023
(in thousands) Weighted Average Estimated Useful LivesGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNetGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet
Finite-lived intangible asset:
Developed technology15 years$89,096 $35,581 $53,515 $89,096 $34,092 $55,004 
Intellectual property13 years2,000 542 1,458 2,000 503 1,497 
Trade name20 years5,865 1,870 3,995 5,865 1,791 4,074 
$96,961 $37,993 $58,968 $96,961 $36,386 $60,575 
Amortization expense in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations was $1.6 million and $1.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Amortization expense is estimated to be approximately $4.8 million for the remainder of fiscal year 2024, and approximately $6.4 million for fiscal year 2025 through 2028.
NOTE 5 DEBT
We have the following unsecured long-term debt outstanding with maturities shown in the following table:
December 31, 2023September 30, 2023
(in thousands)Face Amount    Unamortized Discount and Debt Issuance Cost    Book Value    Face Amount    Unamortized Discount and Debt Issuance Cost    Book Value
Unsecured senior notes:
Due September 29, 2031$550,000 $(4,708)$545,292 $550,000 $(4,856)$545,144 
Long-term debt$550,000 $(4,708)$545,292 $550,000 $(4,856)$545,144 
2.90% Senior Notes due 2031 On September 29, 2021, we issued $550.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2.90 percent 2031 Notes in an offering to persons reasonably believed to be qualified institutional buyers in the United States pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act (“Rule 144A”) and to certain non-U.S. persons in transactions outside the United States pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act (“Regulation S”). Interest on the 2031 Notes is payable semi-annually on March 29 and September 29 of each year, commencing on March 29, 2022.
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In June 2022, we settled a registered exchange offer (the “Registered Exchange Offer”) to exchange the 2031 Notes for new, SEC-registered notes that are substantially identical to the terms of the 2031 Notes, except that the offer and issuance of the new notes have been registered under the Securities Act and certain transfer restrictions, registration rights and additional interest provisions relating to the 2031 Notes do not apply to the new notes. All of the 2031 Notes were exchanged in the Registered Exchange Offer.
The indenture governing the 2031 Notes contains certain covenants that, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, limit the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to incur certain liens; engage in sale and lease-back transactions; and consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of the assets of the Company. The indenture governing the 2031 Notes also contains customary events of default with respect to the 2031 Notes.
Credit Facility
On November 13, 2018, we entered into a credit agreement by and among the Company, as borrower, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto, which was amended on November 13, 2019, providing for an unsecured revolving credit facility (as amended, the “2018 Credit Facility”), that was set to mature on November 13, 2024. On April 16, 2021, lenders with $680.0 million of commitments under the 2018 Credit Facility exercised their option to extend the maturity of the 2018 Credit Facility from November 13, 2024 to November 12, 2025. No other terms of the 2018 Credit Facility were amended in connection with this extension. On March 8, 2022, we entered into the second amendment to the 2018 Credit Facility, which, among other things, raised the number of potential future extensions of the maturity date applicable to extending lenders from one to two such potential extensions and replaced provisions in respect of interest rate determinations that were based on the London Interbank Offered Rate with provisions based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate. Additionally, lenders with $680.0 million of commitments under the 2018 Credit Facility exercised their option to extend the maturity of the 2018 Credit Facility from November 12, 2025 to November 11, 2026. On February 10, 2023, lenders with $680.0 million of commitments under the 2018 Credit Facility exercised their option to extend the maturity of the 2018 Credit Facility from November 11, 2026 to November 12, 2027. The remaining $70.0 million of commitments under the 2018 Credit Facility will expire on November 13, 2024, unless extended by the applicable lender before such date.
The 2018 Credit Facility has $750.0 million in aggregate availability with a maximum of $75.0 million available for use as letters of credit. As of December 31, 2023, there were no borrowings or letters of credit outstanding, leaving $750.0 million available to borrow under the 2018 Credit Facility. For a full description of the 2018 Credit Facility, see Note 6—Debt to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
As of December 31, 2023, we had $102.0 million in uncommitted bilateral credit facilities, for the purpose of obtaining the issuance of international letters of credit, bank guarantees, and performance bonds. Of the $102.0 million, $40.0 million was outstanding as of December 31, 2023. Separately, we had $2.1 million in standby letters of credit and bank guarantees outstanding. In total, we had $42.1 million outstanding as of December 31, 2023.
The applicable agreements for all unsecured debt contain additional terms, conditions and restrictions that we believe are usual and customary in unsecured debt arrangements for companies that are similar in size and credit quality. At December 31, 2023, we were in compliance with all debt covenants.
NOTE 6 INCOME TAXES
We use an estimated annual effective tax rate for purposes of determining the income tax provision during interim reporting periods. In calculating our estimated annual effective tax rate, we consider forecasted annual pre-tax income and estimated permanent book versus tax differences. Adjustments to the effective tax rate and estimates could occur during the year as information and assumptions change which could include, but are not limited to, changes to the forecasted amounts, estimates of permanent book versus tax differences, and changes to tax laws and rates.
Our income tax expense for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $30.1 million and $32.4 million, respectively, resulting in effective tax rates of 24.0 percent and 25.0 percent, respectively. Effective tax rates differ from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0 percent for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 primarily due to state and foreign income taxes, permanent non-deductible items and discrete adjustments. The discrete adjustments for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are primarily due to tax expense (benefit) related to equity compensation of $(0.9) million and $0.2 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2023, we have recorded approximately $3.4 million of unrecognized tax benefits, interest, and penalties. We believe it is reasonably possible that up to $2.8 million of the unrecognized tax benefits, interest, and penalties will be recognized as of June 30, 2024 as a result of a lapse of the statute of limitations. We cannot predict with certainty if we will achieve ultimate resolution of any additional uncertain tax positions associated with our U.S. and international operations resulting in additional material increases or decreases of our unrecognized tax benefits for the next twelve months.
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NOTE 7 SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
The Company has an evergreen authorization from the Board of Directors for the repurchase of up to four million common shares in any calendar year. In December 2022, the Board of Directors increased the maximum number of shares authorized to be repurchased in calendar year 2023 to five million common shares and again on June 7, 2023, to seven million shares. The repurchases are made using our cash and cash equivalents or other available sources and are held as treasury shares on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We repurchased 1.3 million common shares at an aggregate cost of $47.7 million, including excise tax of $0.3 million, during the three months ended December 31, 2023, compared to 0.8 million common shares at an aggregate cost of $39.1 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022. During calendar year 2023 we repurchased substantially all of the seven million total shares authorized for repurchase.
During the three months ended December 31, 2023, we declared $59.1 million in cash dividends consisting of two $0.17 per share supplemental dividends and a base cash dividend of $0.25 per share. One of the supplemental dividends, declared in October 2023, was paid in December 2023. The second supplemental dividend and base cash dividend, declared in December 2023, is payable in February 2024, resulting in a Dividend payable of $42.0 million on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Components of accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows:
December 31,September 30,
(in thousands)20232023
Pre-tax amounts:
Unrealized pension actuarial loss$(10,233)$(10,407)
$(10,233)$(10,407)
After-tax amounts:
Unrealized pension actuarial loss$(7,847)$(7,981)
$(7,847)$(7,981)
Fluctuations in actuarial gains and losses are primarily due to changes in the discount rate and investment returns related to the defined benefit pension plan.
The following is a summary of the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, related to the defined benefit pension plan for the three months ended December 31, 2023:
(in thousands)Three Months Ended December 31, 2023
Balance at beginning of period$(7,981)
Activity during the period:
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss134 
Net current-period other comprehensive income134 
Balance at December 31, 2023$(7,847)
NOTE 8 REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
Drilling Services Revenue
The majority of our drilling services are performed on a “daywork” contract basis, under which we charge a rate per day, with the price determined by the location, depth and complexity of the well to be drilled, operating conditions, the duration of the contract, and the competitive forces of the market. These drilling services, including our technology solutions, represent a series of distinct daily services that are substantially the same, with the same pattern of transfer to the customer. Because our customers benefit equally throughout the service period and our efforts in providing drilling services are incurred relatively evenly over the period of performance, revenue is recognized over time using a time-based input measure as we provide services to the customer. For any contracts that include a provision for pooled term days at contract inception, followed by the assignment of days to specific rigs throughout the contract term, we have elected, as a practical expedient, to recognize revenue in the amount for which the entity has a right to invoice, as permitted by ASC 606.
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Performance-based contracts are contracts pursuant to which we are compensated partly based upon our performance against a mutually agreed upon set of predetermined targets. These types of contracts are relatively new to the industry and typically have a lower base dayrate, but give us the opportunity to receive additional compensation by meeting or exceeding certain performance targets agreed to by our customers. The variable consideration that we expect to receive is estimated at the most likely amount, and constrained to an amount such that it is probable a significant reversal of revenue previously recognized will not occur based on the performance targets. Total revenue recognized from performance contracts, including performance bonuses, was $298.2 million and $270.0 million during the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, of which, $15.2 million and $10.1 million was related to performance bonuses recognized due to the achievement of performance targets during the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Contracts generally contain renewal or extension provisions exercisable at the option of the customer at prices mutually agreeable to us and the customer. For contracts that are terminated by customers prior to the expirations of their fixed terms, contractual provisions customarily require early termination amounts to be paid to us. Revenues from early terminated contracts are recognized when all contractual requirements have been met. During the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, early termination revenue associated with term contracts was $5.4 million and $0.7 million, respectively.
Contract Costs
We had capitalized fulfillment costs of $12.4 million and $11.4 million as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively.
Remaining Performance Obligations
The total aggregate transaction price allocated to the unsatisfied performance obligations, commonly referred to as backlog, as of December 31, 2023 was approximately $1.3 billion, of which approximately $0.7 billion is expected to be recognized during the remainder of fiscal year 2024, approximately $0.4 billion during fiscal year 2025, and approximately $0.2 billion in fiscal year 2026 and thereafter. These amounts do not include anticipated contract renewals or expected performance bonuses as part of its calculation. Additionally, contracts that currently contain month-to-month terms are represented in our backlog as one month of unsatisfied performance obligations. Our contracts are subject to cancellation or modification at the election of the customer; however, due to the level of capital deployed by our customers on underlying projects, we have not been materially adversely affected by contract cancellations or modifications in the past.
Contract Assets and Liabilities
The following tables summarize the balances of our contract assets (net of allowance for estimated credit losses) and liabilities at the dates indicated:
(in thousands)December 31, 2023September 30, 2023
Contract assets, net$7,006 $6,560 
(in thousands)December 31, 2023
Contract liabilities balance at September 30, 2023$28,882 
Payment received/accrued and deferred14,395 
Revenue recognized during the period(17,542)
Contract liabilities balance at December 31, 2023$25,735 
NOTE 9 STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
A summary of compensation expense for stock-based payment arrangements recognized in Drilling services operating expense, Research and development expense and Selling, general and administrative expense on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, is as follows:
Three Months Ended December 31,
(in thousands)20232022
Stock-based compensation expense
Drilling services operating$1,397 $1,385 
Research and development473 426 
Selling, general and administrative5,802 6,462 
$7,672 $8,273 
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Restricted Stock
A summary of the status of our restricted stock awards as of December 31, 2023 and changes in non-vested restricted stock outstanding during the three months then ended is presented below:
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Shares1
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Non-vested restricted stock outstanding at September 30, 2023
1,362 $35.11 
Granted746 35.24 
Vested2
(734)33.08 
Forfeited(1)44.65 
Non-vested restricted stock outstanding at December 31, 2023
1,373 $36.25 
(1)Restricted stock shares include restricted phantom stock units under our Director Deferred Compensation Plan. These phantom stock units confer the economic benefits of owning company stock without the actual ownership, transfer or issuance of any shares. Phantom stock units are subject to a vesting period of one year from the grant date. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, no restricted phantom stock units were granted and no restricted phantom stock units vested.
(2)The number of restricted stock awards vested includes shares that we withheld on behalf of our employees to satisfy the statutory tax withholding requirements.
Performance Units
A summary of the status of our performance-vested restricted share units ("performance units") as of December 31, 2023 and changes in non-vested performance units outstanding during the three months then ended is presented below:
(in thousands, except per unit amounts)Performance UnitsWeighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per Unit
Non-vested performance units outstanding at September 30, 2023
796 $34.51 
Granted223 39.86 
Dividend equivalent rights performance units credited and performance factor adjustment1
(115)35.11 
Non-vested performance units outstanding at December 31, 20232
904 $35.67 
(1)At the end of the Vesting Period, recipients receive dividend equivalents, if any, with respect to the number of vested performance units. The vesting of units ranges from zero to 200 percent of the units granted depending on the Company’s total shareholder return ("TSR") relative to the TSR of the Peer Group on the vesting date.
(2)Of the total non-vested performance units at the end of the period, specified performance criteria has been achieved with respect to 401,904 performance units which is calculated based on the payout percentage for the completed performance period. The vesting and number of the remainder of non-vested performance units reflected at the end of the period is contingent upon our achievement of specified target performance criteria. If we meet the specified relative TSR performance criteria at target, approximately 503,371 additional performance units could vest or become eligible to vest. Beginning with performance units granted in December 2022, performance units include an additional return on invested capital (“ROIC”) performance metric. Based on the Company's ROIC performance over a full three-year performance period, the Human Resources Committee may increase or decrease by 25 percent the number of performance units that otherwise would be paid out solely based on the achievement of relative TSR performance over a full three-year performance period (the "ROIC Modifier").
    
Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the applicable performance share unit award agreements and the 2020 Plan, grants of performance units are subject to a vesting period of three years (the “Vesting Period”) that is dependent on the achievement of certain performance goals. Such performance unit grants consist of two separate components. Performance units that comprise the first component are subject to a three-year performance cycle. Performance units that comprise the second component are further divided into three separate tranches, each of which is subject to a separate one-year performance cycle within the full three-year performance cycle. The vesting of the performance units is generally dependent on (i) the achievement of the Company's TSR performance goals relative to the TSR achievement of a peer group of companies (over the applicable performance cycle), (ii) the continued employment of the recipient of the performance unit award throughout the Vesting Period, and (iii) for performance units granted beginning in December 2022, the application of the ROIC Modifier. The Vesting Period for performance units granted in December 2020 ended on December 31, 2023 and the performance units eligible to vest were settled in shares of common stock in January 2024. Stock-based compensation expense related to these grants has been fully recognized as of December 31, 2023.
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NOTE 10 EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
ASC 260, Earnings per Share, requires companies to treat unvested share-based payment awards that have non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents as a separate class of securities in calculating earnings per share. We have granted and expect to continue to grant to employees restricted stock grants that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends. Such grants are considered participating securities under ASC 260.  As such, we are required to include these grants in the calculation of our basic earnings per share and calculate basic earnings per share using the two-class method. The two-class method of computing earnings per share is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for each class of common stock and participating security according to dividends declared (or accumulated) and participation rights in undistributed earnings.
Basic earnings per share is computed utilizing the two-class method and is calculated based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the periods presented.
Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the periods utilizing the two-class method for stock options, non-vested restricted stock and performance units.
Under the two-class method of calculating earnings per share, dividends paid and a portion of undistributed net income, but not losses, are allocated to unvested restricted stock grants that receive dividends, which are considered participating securities.
During the first quarter of fiscal year 2023, Income from discontinued operations was presented as a separate line item on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. To conform with the current fiscal year presentation, we reclassified amounts previously presented in Income from discontinued operations, which were not material, to Other within Other income (expense) on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended December 31, 2022. To conform with the current fiscal year presentation, basic and diluted earnings per share for continuing and discontinued operations are presented in the aggregate, for the three months ended December 31, 2022, as presented below.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:
Three Months Ended
December 31,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)20232022
Numerator:
Net income $95,173 $97,145 
Adjustment for basic earnings per share
Earnings allocated to unvested shareholders(1,248)(992)
Numerator for basic earnings per share93,925 96,153 
Adjustment for diluted earnings per share
Effect of reallocating undistributed earnings of unvested shareholders— 
Numerator for diluted earnings per share$93,927 $96,153 
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share - weighted-average shares$99,143 $105,248 
Effect of dilutive shares from restricted stock and performance share units485 856 
Denominator for diluted earnings per share - adjusted weighted-average shares$99,628 $106,104 
Basic earnings per common share:$0.95 $0.92 
Diluted earnings per common share:$0.94 $0.91 
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The following potentially dilutive average shares attributable to outstanding equity awards were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:
Three Months Ended
December 31,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)20232022
Potentially dilutive shares excluded as anti-dilutive2,601 2,274 
Weighted-average price per share$57.21 $63.51 
NOTE 11 FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
We have certain assets and liabilities that are required to be measured and disclosed at fair value. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We use the following fair value hierarchy established in ASC 820-10 to measure fair value to prioritize the inputs:
Level 1 — Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity can access at the measurement date.
Level 2 — Observable inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. This includes pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.
The Company's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.
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Fair Value Measurements
The following tables summarize our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value and indicate the level in the fair value hierarchy in which we classify the fair value measurement as of the dates indicated below:
December 31, 2023
(in thousands)Fair Value    Level 1    Level 2    Level 3
Assets
Short-term investments:
Corporate and municipal debt securities$37,843 $— $37,843 $— 
U.S. government and federal agency securities 46,278 46,278 — — 
Total84,121 46,278 37,843 — 
Long-term Investments:
Recurring fair value measurements:
Equity securities:
Non-qualified supplemental savings plan16,478 16,478 — — 
Investment in ADNOC Drilling164,339 164,339 — — 
Investment in Tamboran16,237 16,237 — — 
Debt securities:
Investment in Galileo35,868 — — 35,868 
Geothermal debt securities2,000 — — 2,000 
Total234,922 197,054 — 37,868 
Nonrecurring fair value measurements1:
Other equity securities2
2,721 — — 2,721 
Total2,721 — — 2,721 
Total237,643 197,054 — 40,589 
Liabilities
Contingent consideration$8,350 $— $— $8,350 
(1)As of December 31, 2023, our equity security investments in geothermal energy totaled $25.2 million. None of these investments were marked to fair value      during the period. The investments are measured at cost, less any impairments.
(2)As of December 31, 2023, our other equity securities subject to measurement at fair value on a nonrecurring basis totaled $3.3 million, of which $2.7 million has been marked to fair value. The remaining $0.6 million is measured at cost, less any impairments.
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September 30, 2023
(in thousands)Fair Value    Level 1    Level 2    Level 3
Assets
Short-term investments:
Corporate debt securities$48,764 $— $48,764 $— 
U.S. government and federal agency securities44,836 44,836 — — 
Total93,600 44,836 48,764 — 
Long-term investments:
Recurring fair value measurements:
Equity securities:
Non-qualified supplemental savings plan14,597 14,597 — — 
Investment in ADNOC Drilling174,758 174,758 — — 
Investment in Tamboran9,920 9,920 — — 
Debt securities:
Investment in Galileo35,434 — — 35,434 
Geothermal debt securities2,006 — — 2,006 
Total236,715 199,275 — 37,440 
Nonrecurring fair value measurements1:
Other equity securities2
2,430 — — 2,430 
Total2,430 — — 2,430 
Total$239,145 $199,275 $— $39,870 
Liabilities
Contingent consideration$9,455 $— $— $9,455 
(1)As of September 30, 2023, our equity security investments in geothermal energy totaled $25.2 million. None of these investments were marked to fair value      during the period. The investments are measured at cost, less any impairments.
(2)As of September 30, 2023, our other equity securities subject to measurement at fair value on a nonrecurring basis totaled $3.0 million, of which $2.4 million has been marked to fair value. The remaining $0.6 million is measured at cost, less any impairments.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
Short-term Investments
Short-term investments primarily include securities classified as trading securities. Both realized and unrealized gains and losses on trading securities are included in other income (expense) in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. These securities are recorded at fair value. Level 1 inputs include U.S. agency issued debt securities with active markets and money market funds. For these items, quoted current market prices are readily available. Level 2 inputs include corporate bonds measured using broker quotations that utilize observable market inputs.
Long-term Investments
Equity Securities Our long-term investments include debt and equity securities and assets held in a Non-Qualified Supplemental Savings Plan ("Savings Plan") and are recorded within Investments on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our assets that we hold in the Savings Plan are comprised of mutual funds that are measured using Level 1 inputs.
During September 2021, the Company made a $100.0 million cornerstone investment in ADNOC Drilling in advance of its announced initial public offering, representing 159.7 million shares of ADNOC Drilling, equivalent to a one percent ownership stake and subject to a three-year lockup period. ADNOC Drilling’s initial public offering was completed on October 3, 2021, and its shares are listed and traded on the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange. Our investment is classified as a long-term equity investment within Investments on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and measured at fair value with any gains or losses recognized through net income and recorded within Loss on investment securities on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Consistent with the provisions of ASU No. 2022-03, contractual sale restrictions are not considered in the fair value measurement of our investment in ADNOC Drilling. During the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we recognized losses of $10.4 million and $18.2 million, respectively, on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, as a result of the change in fair value of the investment. As of December 31, 2023, this investment is classified as a Level 1 investment based on the quoted stock price on the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange.
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Equity Securities with Fair Value Option In October 2022, we made a $14.1 million equity investment, representing 106.0 million common shares in Tamboran Resources Limited. In December 2023, all shares of Tamboran Resources were transferred to Tamboran Resources Corporation in exchange for depository interests in Tamboran Corp. Tamboran Corp. is publicly traded on the Australian Securities Exchange under the ticker "TBN" and is focused on developing a natural gas resource in Australia's Beetaloo Sub-basin.
We believe we have a significant influence, but not control or joint control over the investee, due to several factors, including our ownership percentage (approximately 5.1 percent as of December 31, 2023), operational involvement and role on the investee's board of directors. Our investment is classified as a long-term equity investment within Investments on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2023. We consider this investment to have a readily determinable fair value and have elected to account for this investment using the fair value option with any changes in fair value recognized through net income. Under the guidance, Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, this investment is classified as a Level 1 investment based on the quoted stock price which is publicly available. During the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we recognized gains of $6.3 million and $3.1 million, respectively, recorded within Loss on investment securities on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, as a result of the change in fair value of the investment during the period.
Debt Securities During April 2022, the Company made a $33.0 million cornerstone investment in Galileo Holdco 2 Limited Technologies ("Galileo Holdco 2"), part of the group of companies known as Galileo Technologies (“Galileo”) in the form of notes with an option to convert into common shares of the parent of Galileo Holdco 2 ("Galileo parent"). Galileo specializes in liquification, natural gas compression and re-gasification modular systems and technologies to make the production, transportation, and consumption of natural gas, biomethane, and hydrogen more economically viable. The convertible note bears interest at 5.0 percent per annum with a maturity date of the earlier of April 2027 or an exit event (as defined in the agreement as either an initial public offering or a sale of Galileo). During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, our convertible note agreement was amended to include any interest which has accrued but not yet compounded or issued as a note. As a result, we include accrued interest in our total investment balance. We currently do not intend to sell this investment prior to its maturity date or an exit event. As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of the convertible note was approximately equal to the cost basis.
The following table provides quantitative information (in thousands) about our Level 3 unobservable significant inputs related to our debt security investment with Galileo at the dates included below:
December 31, 2023
Fair ValueValuation TechniqueUnobservable Inputs
$35,868 Black-Scholes-Merton modelDiscount rate19.2 %
Risk-free rate4.3 %
Equity volatility92.0 %
The above significant unobservable inputs are subject to change based on changes in economic and market conditions. The use of significant unobservable inputs creates uncertainty in the measurement of fair value as of the reporting date. Significant increases or decreases in the discount rate, risk-free rate, and equity volatility in isolation would result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement. It is not possible for us to predict the effect of future economic or market conditions on our estimated fair values.
All of our long-term debt securities, including our investment in Galileo, are classified as available-for-sale and are measured using Level 3 unobservable inputs based on the absence of market activity. The following table reconciles changes in the fair value of our Level 3 assets for the periods presented below:
Three Months Ended
December 31,
(in thousands)20232022
Assets at beginning of period$37,440 $33,565 
Purchases— 42 
Accrued interest433 — 
Transfers out— (500)
Reserves(5)$— 
Assets at end of period$37,868 $33,107 


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Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
We have certain assets that are subject to measurement at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. For these nonfinancial assets, measurement at fair value in periods subsequent to their initial recognition is applicable if they are determined to be impaired. These assets generally include property, plant and equipment, goodwill, intangible assets, and operating lease right-of-use assets. If measured at fair value in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, these would generally be classified within Level 2 or 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Further details on any changes in valuation of these assets is provided in their respective footnotes.
Equity Securities
We also hold various other equity securities without readily determinable fair values, primarily comprised of geothermal investments. These equity securities are initially measured at cost, less any impairments, and will be marked to fair value once observable price changes in identical or similar investments from the same issuer occur. All of our long-term equity securities are measured using Level 3 unobservable inputs based on the absence of market activity.
The following table reconciles changes in the balance of our equity securities, without readily determinable fair values, for the periods presented below:
Three Months Ended December 31,
(in millions)20232022
Assets at beginning of period$28,232 $23,745 
Purchases291 2,055 
Assets at end of period$28,523 $25,800 


Contingent Consideration
Other financial instruments measured using Level 3 unobservable inputs primarily consist of potential earnout payments associated with our business acquisitions in fiscal year 2019. Contingent consideration is recorded in Accrued liabilities on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets based on the expected timing of milestone achievements. The following table reconciles changes in the fair value of our Level 3 liabilities for the periods presented below:
Three Months Ended December 31,
(in thousands)20232022
Liabilities at beginning of period$9,455 $4,022 
Additions— 500 
Total gains or losses:
Included in earnings20 
Settlements1
(1,125)(750)
Liabilities at end of period$8,350 $3,780 
(1)Settlements represent earnout payments that have been paid or earned during the period.
Other Financial Instruments
The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these items. The majority of cash equivalents are invested in highly liquid money-market mutual funds invested primarily in direct or indirect obligations of the U.S. Government and in federally insured deposit accounts. The carrying value of accounts receivable, other current and noncurrent assets, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other liabilities approximated fair value at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023.
The following information presents the supplemental fair value information for our long-term fixed-rate debt at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023:
(in millions)December 31, 2023    September 30, 2023
Long-term debt, net
Carrying value$545.3 $545.1 
Fair value471.6 435.5 
The fair values of the long-term fixed-rate debt is based on broker quotes at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023. The notes are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as they are not actively traded in markets.
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NOTE 12 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Lease Obligations
During the three months ended December 31, 2023, we amended the lease for our Tulsa industrial facility. As a result, we extended the lease term, now continuing through June 30, 2035 with two five year renewal options. We recognized one of the five year renewal options as part of our right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. This contract was accounted for as an operating lease resulting in an increase of $18.1 million to the right-of-use assets and lease liability on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2023.
Purchase Commitments
Equipment, parts, and supplies are ordered in advance to promote efficient construction and capital improvement progress. At December 31, 2023, we had purchase commitments for equipment, parts and supplies of approximately $121.7 million.
Guarantee Arrangements
We are contingently liable to sureties in respect of bonds issued by the sureties in connection with certain commitments entered into by us in the normal course of business. We have agreed to indemnify the sureties for any payments made by them in respect of such bonds.
Contingencies
During the ordinary course of our business, contingencies arise resulting from an existing condition, situation or set of circumstances involving an uncertainty as to the realization of a possible gain or loss contingency.  We account for gain contingencies in accordance with the provisions of ASC 450, Contingencies, and, therefore, we do not record gain contingencies or recognize income until realized.  The property and equipment of our Venezuelan subsidiary was seized by the Venezuelan government on June 30, 2010.  Our wholly-owned subsidiaries, Helmerich & Payne International Drilling Co. ("HPIDC"), and Helmerich & Payne de Venezuela, C.A. filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia on September 23, 2011 against the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A. and PDVSA Petroleo, S.A., seeking damages for the seizure of their Venezuelan drilling business in violation of international law and for breach of contract. While there exists the possibility of realizing a recovery on HPIDC's expropriation claims, we are currently unable to determine the timing or amounts we may receive, if any, or the likelihood of recovery.
The Company and its subsidiaries are parties to various other pending legal actions arising in the ordinary course of our business. We maintain insurance against certain business risks subject to certain deductibles. Although no assurance can be given, we believe, based on our experiences to date and taking into account established reserves and insurance, that the ultimate resolution of such items will not have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations. When we determine a loss is probable of occurring and is reasonably estimable, we accrue an undiscounted liability for such contingencies based on our best estimate using information available at that time. If the estimated loss is a range of potential outcomes and there is no better estimate within the range, we accrue the amount at the low end of the range. We disclose contingencies where an adverse outcome may be material, or in the judgment of management, we conclude the matter should otherwise be disclosed.
NOTE 13 BUSINESS SEGMENTS AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Description of the Business
We are a performance-driven drilling solutions and technologies company based in Tulsa, Oklahoma with operations in all major U.S. onshore oil and gas producing basins as well as South America, the Middle East and Australia. Our drilling operations consist mainly of contracting Company-owned drilling equipment primarily to large oil and gas exploration companies. We believe we are the recognized industry leader in drilling as well as technological innovation. We focus on offering our customers an integrated solutions-based approach by combining proprietary rig technology, automation software, and digital expertise into our rig operations rather than a product-based offering, such as a rig or separate technology package. Our drilling services operations are organized into the following reportable operating business segments: North America Solutions, Offshore Gulf of Mexico and International Solutions. 
Each reportable operating segment is a strategic business unit that is managed separately, and consolidated revenues and expenses reflect the elimination of all material intercompany transactions. Our real estate operations, our incubator program for new research and development projects, and our wholly-owned captive insurance companies are included in "Other." External revenues included in “Other” primarily consist of rental income.
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Segment Performance
We evaluate segment performance based on income (segment operating income (loss)) before income taxes which includes:
Revenues from external and internal customers
Direct operating costs
Depreciation and amortization
Allocated general and administrative costs
Asset impairment charges
but excludes gain on reimbursement of drilling equipment, other gain on sale of assets, corporate selling, general and administrative costs, and corporate depreciation.
General and administrative costs are allocated to the segments based primarily on specific identification and, to the extent that such identification is not practical, other methods may be used which we believe to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided.
Summarized financial information of our reportable segments for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is shown in the following tables:
Three Months Ended December 31, 2023
(in thousands)North America SolutionsOffshore Gulf of MexicoInternational SolutionsOtherEliminationsTotal
External sales$594,282 $25,531 $54,752 $2,582 $— $677,147 
Intersegment— — — 15,226 (15,226)— 
Total sales594,282 25,531 54,752 17,808 (15,226)677,147 
Segment operating income (loss)$144,490 $3,052 $5,423 $(67)$334 $153,232 
Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
(in thousands)North America SolutionsOffshore Gulf of MexicoInternational SolutionsOtherEliminationsTotal
External sales$627,163 $35,164 $54,801 $2,509 $— $719,637 
Intersegment— — — 16,402 (16,402)— 
Total sales627,163 35,164 54,801 18,911 (16,402)719,637 
Segment operating income $145,297 $6,746 $1,574 $4,677 $2,310 $160,604 
The following table reconciles segment operating income (loss) per the tables above to income before income taxes as reported on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:
Three Months Ended
December 31,
(in thousands)20232022
Segment operating income$153,232 $160,604 
Gain on reimbursement of drilling equipment7,494 15,724 
Other gain on sale of assets2,443 2,379 
Corporate selling, general and administrative costs and corporate depreciation(39,701)(34,484)
Operating income123,468 144,223 
Other income (expense)
Interest and dividend income10,734 4,705 
Interest expense(4,372)(4,355)
Loss on investment securities(4,034)(15,091)
Other(543)58 
Total unallocated amounts1,785 (14,683)
Income before income taxes$125,253 $129,540 
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The following table reconciles segment total assets to total assets as reported on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:
(in thousands)December 31, 2023September 30, 2023
Total assets1
North America Solutions$3,347,139 $3,320,203 
Offshore Gulf of Mexico76,294 73,319 
International Solutions440,094 407,143 
Other148,694 154,290 
4,012,221 3,954,955 
Investments and corporate operations409,107 427,001 
$4,421,328 $4,381,956 
(1)Assets by segment exclude investments in subsidiaries and intersegment activity.
The following table presents revenues from external customers by country based on the location of service provided:
Three Months Ended
December 31,
(in thousands)20232022
Operating revenues
United States$621,617 $664,173 
Argentina35,876 33,834 
Colombia7,703 16,369 
Bahrain4,497 2,269 
United Arab Emirates2,365 2,337 
Australia4,312 — 
Other foreign777 655 
Total$677,147 $719,637 
Refer to Note 8—Revenue from Contracts with Customers for additional information regarding the recognition of revenue.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q (“Form 10‑Q”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “predict,” “project,” “target,” “continue,” or the negative thereof or similar terminology. Forward-looking statements are based upon current plans, estimates, and expectations that are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. Actual results may vary materially from those indicated or anticipated by such forward-looking statements. The inclusion of such statements should not be regarded as a representation that such plans, estimates, or expectations will be achieved.

These forward-looking statements include, among others, information concerning our possible or assumed future results of operations and statements about the following such as:
our business strategy and underlying assumptions;
estimates of our revenues, income, earnings per share, and market share;
our capital structure and our ability to return cash to stockholders through dividends or share repurchases;
the amount and nature of our future capital expenditures and how we expect to fund our capital expenditures;
the volatility of future oil and natural gas prices;
contracting of our rigs and actions by current or potential customers;
the effects of actions by, or disputes among or between, members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) and other oil producing nations (together, “OPEC+”) with respect to production levels or other matters related to the prices of oil and natural gas;
changes in future levels of drilling activity and capital expenditures by our customers, whether as a result of global capital markets and liquidity, changes in prices of oil and natural gas or otherwise, which may cause us to idle or stack additional rigs, or increase our capital expenditures and the construction, upgrade or acquisition of rigs;
the impact and effects of public health crises, pandemics and epidemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic;
changes in worldwide rig supply and demand, competition, or technology;
possible cancellation, suspension, renegotiation or termination (with or without cause) of our contracts as a result of general or industry-specific economic conditions, mechanical difficulties, performance or other reasons;
expansion and growth of our business and operations;
our belief that the final outcome of our legal proceedings will not materially affect our financial results;
impact of federal and state legislative and regulatory actions and policies, affecting our costs and increasing operation restrictions or delay and other adverse impacts on our business;
environmental or other liabilities, risks, damages or losses, whether related to storms or hurricanes (including wreckage or debris removal), collisions, grounding, blowouts, fires, explosions, other accidents, terrorism or otherwise, for which insurance coverage and contractual indemnities may be insufficient, unenforceable or otherwise unavailable;
impact of geopolitical developments and tensions, war and uncertainty involving or in the geographic region of oil-producing countries (including the ongoing armed conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and Israel and Hamas, and any related political or economic responses and counter-responses or otherwise by various global actors or the general effect on the global economy);
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global economic conditions, such as a general slowdown in the global economy, supply chain disruptions, inflationary pressures, currency fluctuations, and instability of financial institutions, and their impact on the Company;
our financial condition and liquidity;
tax matters, including our effective tax rates, tax positions, results of audits, changes in tax laws, treaties and regulations, tax assessments and liabilities for taxes;
the occurrence of security incidents, including breaches of security, or other attack, destruction, alteration, corruption, or unauthorized access to our information technology systems or destruction, loss, alteration, corruption or misuse or unauthorized disclosure of or access to data ("Security Incident");
potential impacts on our business resulting from climate change, greenhouse gas regulations, and the impact of climate change related changes in the frequency and severity of weather patterns;
potential long-lived asset impairments; and
our sustainability strategy, including expectations, plans, or goals related to corporate responsibility, sustainability and environmental matters, and any related reputational risks as a result of execution of this strategy.
Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations or results discussed in the forward‑looking statements are disclosed in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10‑K under Part I, Item 1A— “Risk Factors” and Item 7— “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” All subsequent written and oral forward‑looking statements attributable to us, or persons acting on our behalf, are expressly qualified in their entirety by such cautionary statements. Because of the underlying risks and uncertainties, we caution you against placing undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. We assume no duty to update or revise these forward‑looking statements based on changes in internal estimates, expectations or otherwise, except as required by law.
Executive Summary
Helmerich & Payne, Inc. (“H&P,” which, together with its subsidiaries, is identified as the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our,” except where stated or the context requires otherwise) through its operating subsidiaries provides performance-driven drilling solutions and technologies that are intended to make hydrocarbon recovery safer and more economical for oil and gas exploration and production companies. As of December 31, 2023, our drilling rig fleet included a total of 262 drilling rigs. Our reportable operating business segments consist of the North America Solutions segment with 233 rigs, the Offshore Gulf of Mexico segment with seven offshore platform rigs and the International Solutions segment with 22 rigs as of December 31, 2023. At the close of the first quarter of fiscal year 2024, we had 166 active contracted rigs, of which 95 were under a fixed-term contract and 71 were working well-to-well, compared to 164 contracted rigs at September 30, 2023. Our long-term strategy remains focused on innovation, technology, safety, operational excellence and reliability. As we move forward, we believe that our advanced uniform rig fleet, technology offerings, financial strength, contract backlog and strong customer and employee base position us very well to respond to continued cyclical and often times, volatile market conditions and to take advantage of future opportunities.
Market Outlook
Our revenues are primarily derived from the capital expenditures of companies involved in the exploration, development and production of crude oil and natural gas. Generally, the level of capital expenditures is dictated by capital budgets set to achieve respective production targets in relation to current and expected future prices of crude oil and natural gas, which are determined by various supply and demand factors. Both commodities have historically been, and we expect them to continue to be, cyclical and highly volatile.
Our drilling services operations are organized into the following reportable operating segments: North America Solutions, Offshore Gulf of Mexico, and International Solutions. With respect to North America Solutions, the resurgence of oil and natural gas production coming from the United States brought about by unconventional shale drilling for oil has significantly impacted the supply of oil and natural gas and the type of rig utilized in the U.S. land drilling industry.
The technical requirements of drilling longer lateral unconventional shale wells often necessitate the use of rigs that are commonly referred to in the industry as super-spec rigs and have the following specific characteristics: AC drive, minimum of 1,500 horsepower drawworks, minimum of 750,000 lbs. hookload rating, 7,500 psi mud circulating system, and multiple-well pad capability.
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There is a strong customer preference for super-spec rigs not only due to the higher rig specifications that enable more technical drilling but also due to the drilling efficiencies gained in utilizing a super-spec rig. As a result, there has been a structural decline in the use of non-super-spec rigs across the industry. We are the largest provider of super-spec rigs in the industry and, accordingly, we believe we are well positioned to respond to various market conditions.
Historically there has been a strong correlation between crude oil and natural gas prices and the demand for drilling rigs with the rig count increasing and decreasing with the up and down movements in the commodity prices. While that correlation remains for a segment of the market, beginning in 2021, a portion of rig activity has not moved in tandem with crude oil prices to the same extent as a large portion of our customers instituted a more disciplined approach to their operations and capital spending in order to enhance their own financial returns. Those customers established capital budgets based upon commodity price assumptions for the upcoming year and adhered to them, not adjusting activity plans as commodity prices moved.
Based upon the crude oil and natural gas pricing environment and many of our customers' desire to at least maintain their current production levels, we expect the average level of capital spending by our customers in calendar year 2024 to remain flat to down by approximately 5% relative to calendar year 2023. As such, we do not expect much change in activity levels in calendar 2024 from where they are currently; we exited December 31, 2023 with 151 active rigs in our North America Solutions segment. The overall demand for super-spec rigs in the U.S. remains relatively strong and while some readily available idle super-spec capacity exists in the market, we do not believe it is to a level that would have a material negative impact on rig pricing. We expect this supply-demand dynamic combined with the value proposition we provide our customers through our drilling expertise, high-quality FlexRig® fleet, and automation technology to result in our ability to maintain and possibly improve upon current contract economics.
With regards to our North America Solutions segment, volatility in natural gas prices and the related reduced rig demand contributed to an increased level of rig releases in the market during the first half of calendar year 2023. During the second half of calendar year 2023, other non-commodity price related factors, such as customer capital budgets, drilling plans, productions levels and customer consolidations, also led some customers to release rigs as well. For our fiscal year 2024, we believe our rig activity will increase modestly during the first half of the fiscal year as customers reset their capital budgets for 2024. We experienced an increase of just four rigs during the first fiscal quarter of 2024 and expect another 3 to 8 incremental adds during the second fiscal quarter of 2024. From there we believe our rig count will likely remain at a relatively stable level during the second half of the fiscal year. This is similar to the rig activity patterns we have experienced during the last few years as well. During fiscal year 2023, the Company employed a fiscally prudent approach to deploying capital and prioritizing economic margins over rig utilization, and we plan to maintain this approach in fiscal year 2024. Furthermore, we still believe the supply and demand dynamics surrounding our North America Solutions segment remain constructive for future activity and pricing levels.
Collectively, our other business segments, Offshore Gulf of Mexico and International Solutions, are exposed to the same macro commodity price environment affecting our North America Solutions segment; however, activity levels in the International Solutions segment are also subject to other various geopolitical and financial factors specific to the countries of our operations. We are currently pursuing an international expansion strategy with the aim to provide growth and diversification for the Company with the understanding that such a strategy will take time and capital to execute. During fiscal year 2024, we plan to continue to devote capital to our international expansion strategy and, in particular, to a recent preliminary notification of an award for seven super-spec rigs in the Middle East. We had contemplated the capital spending necessary to prepare these rigs for export as part of our fiscal year 2024 capital expenditure budget. A majority of these rigs are currently scheduled for delivery during our first half of fiscal year 2025 and thus will have no revenue impact on fiscal year 2024 results. Currently, activity levels in the International Solutions and Offshore Gulf of Mexico business segments look to remain relatively steady at current levels for the remainder of fiscal year 2024.
Over the past two years, the Company has experienced inflationary pressures related to labor and consumable inventory and more recently as a result of cost-acceleration related to running our rig fleet harder to achieve the well designs, lateral lengths and drilling efficiencies our customers demand. The inflationary forces have abated, and the financial impacts were partially mitigated by pass-through mechanisms in our contracts. However, the performance and efficiency gains we achieve require us to continue to push the service intensity of our rigs and equipment. Accordingly, we expect operational expenses to remain at elevated levels compared to recent years. Additionally, we are also experiencing inflationary pressures in our non-operational expenses particularly around labor and third-party services. As a consequence of these pressures, we continue to project an increase in our selling, general and administrative expenses during fiscal year 2024.
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Recent Developments
International Revenue Contracts
Subsequent to December 31, 2023, the Company received preliminary notice, subject to finalization of contractural agreements, that it has been awarded seven super-spec FlexRig®'s for work in the Middle East. These rigs are expected to commence operations shortly after delivery, which is currently scheduled for the first half of fiscal year 2025. These rigs will be sourced from our idle super-spec rigs in the U.S., converted to walking configurations, and further equipped to suit contractual specifications. Additionally, in the Middle East we have been successful in contracting one additional super-spec rig in Bahrain. The rig to be utilized for this work is already located in the region as part of our Middle East hub and is expected to commence operations during the second half of fiscal year 2024.
Contract Backlog
As of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, our contract drilling backlog, being the expected future dayrate revenue from executed contracts, was $1.3 billion and $1.4 billion, respectively. These amounts do not include anticipated contract renewals or expected performance bonuses. Approximately 42.8 percent of the December 31, 2023 total backlog is reasonably expected to be fulfilled in fiscal year 2025 and thereafter.
The following table sets forth the total backlog by reportable segment as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, and the percentage of the December 31, 2023 backlog reasonably expected to be fulfilled in fiscal year 2025 and thereafter:
(in billions)December 31, 2023September 30, 2023
Percentage Reasonably
Expected to be Fulfilled in Fiscal Year 2025
and Thereafter
North America Solutions$1.1 $1.1 38.6 %
Offshore Gulf of Mexico— — — 
International Solutions0.2 0.3 62.2 
 $1.3 $1.4   
The early termination of a contract may result in a rig being idle for an extended period of time, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In some limited circumstances, such as sustained unacceptable performance by us, no early termination payment would be paid to us. Early terminations could cause the actual amount of revenue earned to vary from the backlog reported. See Item 1A—"Risk Factors—Our current backlog of drilling services and solutions revenue may decline and may not be ultimately realized as fixed‑term contracts and may, in certain instances, be terminated without an early termination payment” within our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), regarding fixed term contract risk.
Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Results of Operations
Net Income We reported income of $95.2 million ($0.94 per diluted share) for the three months ended December 31, 2023 compared to income of $97.1 million ($0.91 per diluted share) for the three months ended December 31, 2022. 
Operating Revenue Consolidated operating revenues were $677.1 million and $719.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease is primarily driven by lower activity levels in our North America Solutions and Offshore Gulf of Mexico segments. Refer to segment results below for further details.
Direct Operating Expenses, Excluding Depreciation and Amortization Direct operating expenses were $404.4 million and $429.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease was primarily attributable to the aforementioned lower activity levels.
Selling, General and Administrative Expense Selling, general and administrative expenses increased to $56.6 million during the three months ended December 31, 2023 compared to $48.5 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022. The increase is primarily due to a $7.1 million increase in labor and labor-related expenses.
Asset Impairment Charges During the three months ended December 31, 2022, we recorded $12.1 million in asset impairment charges as the Company initiated a plan to decommission, scrap and/or sell certain assets including four international FlexRig® drilling rigs, four international conventional drilling rigs, and additional equipment. The aggregate net book value of these assets of $13.2 million was written down to their estimated scrap value of $1.1 million.
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Loss on Investment Securities During the three months ended December 31, 2023, we recognized an aggregate loss of $4.0 million on investment securities. The loss was mainly comprised of a $10.4 million loss on our equity investment in ADNOC Drilling, partially offset against a $6.3 million gain on our investment in Tamboran Corp.; both of which were a result of fluctuations in the fair market value of the stocks. During the three months ended December 31, 2022, we recognized an aggregate loss of $15.1 million on investment securities. The loss was mainly comprised of a $18.2 million loss on our equity investment in ADNOC Drilling, partially offset against a $3.1 million gain on our investment in Tamboran Corp.; both of which were a result of fluctuations in the fair market value of the stocks.
Income Taxes We had income tax expense of $30.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 (which includes a discrete tax benefit of $0.9 million related to equity compensation) compared to income tax expense of $32.4 million (which includes a discrete tax expense of $0.2 million related to equity compensation) for the three months ended December 31, 2022. Our statutory federal income tax rate for fiscal year 2024 is 21.0 percent (before incremental state and foreign taxes).
North America Solutions
Three Months Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except operating statistics)20232022% Change
Operating revenues$594,282 $627,163 (5.2)%
Direct operating expenses338,208 366,855 (7.8)
Depreciation and amortization87,019 89,814 (3.1)
Research and development8,689 7,059 23.1 
Selling, general and administrative expense15,876 14,190 11.9 
Asset impairment charges— 3,948 (100.0)
Segment operating income$144,490 $145,297 (0.6)
Financial Data and Other Operating Statistics1:
      
Direct margin (Non-GAAP)2
$256,074 $260,308 (1.6)
Revenue days3
13,711 16,578 (17.3)
Average active rigs4
149 180 (17.3)
Number of active rigs at the end of period5
151184 (17.9)
Number of available rigs at the end of period233235 (0.9)
Reimbursements of "out-of-pocket" expenses$69,728 $79,159 (11.9)
(1)These operating metrics and financial data, including average active rigs, are provided to allow investors to analyze the various components of segment financial results in terms of activity, utilization and other key results. Management uses these metrics to analyze historical segment financial results and as the key inputs for forecasting and budgeting segment financial results.
(2)Direct margin, which is considered a non-GAAP metric, is defined as operating revenues less direct operating expenses and is included as a supplemental disclosure because we believe it is useful in assessing and understanding our current operational performance, especially in making comparisons over time. See — Non-GAAP Measurements below for a reconciliation of segment operating income (loss) to direct margin.
(3)Defined as the number of contractual days we recognized revenue for during the period.
(4)Active rigs generate revenue for the Company; accordingly, 'average active rigs' represents the average number of rigs generating revenue during the applicable time period. This metric is calculated by dividing revenue days by total days in the applicable period (i.e., 92 days).
(5)Defined as the number of rigs generating revenue at the applicable end date of the time period.
Operating Revenues Operating revenues were $594.3 million and $627.2 million in the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The $32.9 million decrease in operating revenue is primarily due to a 17.3 percent decrease in activity levels partially offset by higher average pricing levels.
Direct Operating Expenses Direct operating expenses decreased to $338.2 million during the three months ended December 31, 2023 as compared to $366.9 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022. This decrease was primarily driven by lower activity levels, partially offset by an increase in per revenue day labor and materials and supplies expense.
Selling, General and Administrative Expense Selling, general and administrative expense increased to $15.9 million during the three months ended December 31, 2023 as compared to $14.2 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022. The slight increase was driven by a $1.9 million increase in in labor expenses.
Asset Impairment Charges During the three months ended December 31, 2022, assets that were previously classified as Assets held-for-sale were either sold or written down to scrap value. The aggregate net book value of these remaining assets was $3.0 million, which exceeded the estimated scrap value of $0.3 million, resulting in a non-cash impairment charge of $2.7 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022. During the same period, we also identified additional equipment that met the asset held-for-sale criteria and was reclassified as Assets held-for-sale on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The aggregate net book value of the equipment of $1.4 million was written down to its estimated scrap value of $0.1 million, resulting in a non-cash impairment charge of $1.3 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022.
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Offshore Gulf of Mexico
Three Months Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except operating statistics)2023    2022    % Change
Operating revenues$25,531 $35,164  (27.4)%
Direct operating expenses19,579 25,691  (23.8)
Depreciation2,068 1,894  9.2 
Selling, general and administrative expense832 833  (0.1)
Segment operating income$3,052 $6,746  (54.8)
Financial Data and Other Operating Statistics1:
 
Direct margin (Non-GAAP)2
$5,952 $9,473 (37.2)
Revenue days3
289 368 (21.5)
Average active rigs4
 (21.5)
Number of active rigs at the end of period5
 (25.0)
Number of available rigs at the end of period — 
Reimbursements of "out-of-pocket" expenses$7,827 $7,189  8.9 
(1)These operating metrics and financial data, including average active rigs, are provided to allow investors to analyze the various components of segment financial results in terms of activity, utilization and other key results. Management uses these metrics to analyze historical segment financial results and as the key inputs for forecasting and budgeting segment financial results.
(2)Direct margin, which is considered a non-GAAP metric, is defined as operating revenues less direct operating expenses and is included as a supplemental disclosure because we believe it is useful in assessing and understanding our current operational performance, especially in making comparisons over time. See — Non-GAAP Measurements below for a reconciliation of segment operating income (loss) to direct margin.
(3)Defined as the number of contractual days we recognized revenue for during the period.
(4)Active rigs generate revenue for the Company; accordingly, 'average active rigs' represents the average number of rigs generating revenue during the applicable time period. This metric is calculated by dividing revenue days by total days in the applicable period (i.e., 92 days).
(5)Defined as the number of rigs generating revenue at the applicable end date of the time period.
Operating Revenues Operating revenues were $25.5 million and $35.2 million in the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The $9.7 million decrease in operating revenue is primarily due to a 21.5 percent decrease in activity levels and the mix of rigs being on lower standby rates as opposed to working at full rates during the three months ended December 31, 2023.
Direct Operating Expenses Direct operating expenses decreased to $19.6 million during the three months ended December 31, 2023 as compared to $25.7 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022. This decrease is primarily driven by a decrease in activity levels as described above.
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Table of Contents
International Solutions
Three Months Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except operating statistics)20232022% Change
Operating revenues$54,752 $54,801 (0.1)%
Direct operating expenses44,519 40,977 8.6 
Depreciation2,334 1,392 67.7 
Selling, general and administrative expense2,476 2,709 (8.6)
Asset impairment charges— 8,149 (100.0)
Segment operating income$5,423 $1,574 244.5 
  
Financial Data and Other Operating Statistics1:
Direct margin (Non-GAAP)2
$10,233 $13,824 (26.0)
Revenue days3
1,173 1,140 2.9 
Average active rigs4
13 12 2.9 
Number of active rigs at the end of period5
12 13 (7.7)
Number of available rigs at the end of period22 20 10.0 
Reimbursements of "out-of-pocket" expenses$3,384 $2,856 18.5 
(1)These operating metrics and financial data, including average active rigs, are provided to allow investors to analyze the various components of segment financial results in terms of activity, utilization and other key results. Management uses these metrics to analyze historical segment financial results and as the key inputs for forecasting and budgeting segment financial results.
(2)Direct margin, which is considered a non-GAAP metric, is defined as operating revenues less direct operating expenses and is included as a supplemental disclosure because we believe it is useful in assessing and understanding our current operational performance, especially in making comparisons over time. See — Non-GAAP Measurements below for a reconciliation of segment operating income (loss) to direct margin.
(3)Defined as the number of contractual days we recognized revenue for during the period.
(4)Active rigs generate revenue for the Company; accordingly, 'average active rigs' represents the average number of rigs generating revenue during the applicable time period. This metric is calculated by dividing revenue days by total days in the applicable period (i.e., 92 days).
(5)Defined as the number of rigs generating revenue at the applicable end date of the time period.
Operating Revenues Operating revenues were $54.8 million during both the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Revenue remained flat due to increased activity, offset by the mix of rigs working.
Direct Operating Expenses Direct operating expenses increased to $44.5 million during the three months ended December 31, 2023 as compared to $41.0 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022. This increase was primarily driven by a 2.9 percent increase in activity levels as well as higher per revenue day labor and labor-related expenses.
Asset Impairment Charges During the three months ended December 31, 2022, the Company initiated a plan to decommission and scrap four international FlexRig® drilling rigs and four conventional drilling rigs located in Argentina that are not suitable for unconventional drilling. As a result, these rigs were reclassified to Assets held-for-sale on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022. The rigs’ aggregate net book value of $8.8 million was written down to the esti